Q: What is 5G?
A: 5G is the 5th generation mobile network. It is a new
global wireless standard after 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G networks. 5G enables a new
kind of network that is designed to connect virtually everyone and everything
together including machines, objects, and devices.
5G wireless technology is meant to deliver higher multi-Gbps
peak data speeds, ultra low latency, more
reliability, massive network capacity, increased availability, and a more
uniform user experience to more users. Higher performance and improved
efficiency empower new user experiences and connects new industries.
Q: Who invented 5G?
A: No one company or person owns 5G, but there are several
companies within the mobile ecosystem that are contributing to bringing 5G to
life. Qualcomm has played a major role in inventing the many foundational
technologies that drive the industry forward and make up 5G, the next wireless
standard.
We are at the heart of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project
(3GPP), the industry organization that defines the global
specifications for 3G UMTS (including HSPA), 4G LTE, and 5G technologies.
3GPP is driving many essential inventions across all aspects
of 5G design, from the air interface to the service layer. Other 3GPP 5G
members range from infrastructure vendors and component/device manufacturers to
mobile network operators and vertical service providers.
Q: What underlying technologies make up 5G?
A: 5G is based on OFDM (Orthogonal
frequency-division multiplexing), a method of modulating a digital signal
across several different channels to reduce interference. 5G uses 5G
NR air interface alongside OFDM principles. 5G
also uses wider bandwidth technologies such as sub-6 GHz and mmWave.
Like 4G LTE, 5G OFDM operates based on the same mobile
networking principles. However, the new 5G NR air interface can further enhance
OFDM to deliver a much higher degree of flexibility and scalability. This could
provide more 5G access to more people and things for a variety of different use
cases.
5G will bring wider bandwidths by expanding the usage of
spectrum resources, from sub-3 GHz used in 4G to 100 GHz and beyond. 5G can
operate in both lower bands (e.g., sub-6 GHz) as well as mmWave (e.g., 24 GHz
and up), which will bring extreme capacity, multi-Gbps throughput, and low
latency.
5G is designed to not only deliver faster, better mobile
broadband services compared to 4G LTE, but can also expand into new service
areas such as mission-critical communications and connecting the massive IoT.
This is enabled by many new 5G NR air interface design techniques, such as a
new self-contained TDD subframe design.
Q: What are the differences between the previous generations
of mobile networks and 5G?
A: The previous generations of mobile networks are 1G, 2G,
3G, and 4G.
First generation - 1G
1980s: 1G delivered analog voice.
Second generation - 2G
Early 1990s: 2G introduced digital voice (e.g. CDMA- Code
Division Multiple Access).
Third generation - 3G
Early 2000s: 3G brought mobile data (e.g. CDMA2000).
Fourth generation - 4G LTE
2010s: 4G LTE ushered in the era of mobile broadband.
1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G all led to 5G, which is designed to
provide more connectivity than was ever available before.
5G is a unified, more capable air interface. It has been
designed with an extended capacity to enable next-generation user experiences,
empower new deployment models and deliver new services.
With high speeds, superior reliability and negligible
latency, 5G will expand the mobile ecosystem into new realms. 5G will impact
every industry, making safer transportation, remote healthcare, precision
agriculture, digitized logistics — and more — a reality.
Q: How is 5G better than 4G?
A: There are several reasons that 5G will be better than 4G:
• 5G is significantly faster than 4G
• 5G has more capacity than 4G
• 5G has significantly lower latency than 4G
• 5G is a unified platform that is more capable than 4G
• 5G uses spectrum better than 4G
5G is a unified platform that is more capable than 4G.
While 4G LTE focused on delivering much faster mobile
broadband services than 3G, 5G is designed to be a unified, more capable
platform that not only elevates mobile broadband experiences, but also supports
new services such as mission-critical communications and the massive IoT. 5G
can also natively support all spectrum types (licensed, shared, unlicensed) and
bands (low, mid, high), a wide range of deployment models (from traditional
macro-cells to hotspots), and new ways to interconnect (such as
device-to-device and multi-hop mesh).
5G uses spectrum better than 4G.
5G is also designed to get the most out of every bit of
spectrum across a wide array of available spectrum regulatory paradigms and
bands—from low bands below 1 GHz, to mid bands from 1 GHz to 6 GHz, to high
bands known as millimeter wave (mmWave).
5G is faster than 4G.
5G can be significantly faster than 4G, delivering up to 20
Gigabits-per-second (Gbps) peak data rates and 100+ Megabits-per-second (Mbps)
average data rates.
5G has more capacity than 4G.
5G is designed to support a 100x increase in traffic capacity
and network efficiency.1
5G has lower latency than 4G.
5G has significantly lower latency to deliver more
instantaneous, real-time access: a 10x decrease in end-to-end latency down to
1ms.1
Q: How and when will 5G affect the global economy?
A: 5G is driving global growth.
• $13.2 Trillion dollars of global economic output
• 22.3 Million new jobs created
• $2.1 Trillion dollars in GDP growth
Through a landmark 5G Economy study, we found that 5G’s full
economic effect will likely be realized across the globe by 2035—supporting a
wide range of industries and potentially enabling up to $13.2 trillion worth of
goods and services.
This impact is much greater than previous network
generations. The development requirements of the new 5G network are also
expanding beyond the traditional mobile networking players to industries such
as the automotive industry.
The study also revealed that the 5G value chain (including
OEMs, operators, content creators, app developers, and consumers) could alone
support up to 22.3 million jobs, or more than one job for every person in
Beijing, China. And there are many emerging and new applications that will
still be defined in the future. Only time will tell what the full “5G effect”
on the economy is going to be.
Q: How will 5G affect me?
A: 5G is designed to do a variety of things that can
transform our lives, including giving us faster download speeds, low latency,
and more capacity and connectivity for billions of devices—especially in the
areas of virtual reality (VR), the IoT, and artificial intelligence (AI).
For example, with 5G, you can access new and improved
experiences including near-instant access to cloud services, multiplayer cloud
gaming, shopping with augmented reality, and real-time video translation and
collaboration, and more
Q: Where is 5G being used?
A: Broadly speaking, 5G is used across three main types of
connected services, including enhanced mobile broadband, mission-critical
communications, and the massive IoT. A defining capability of 5G is that it is
designed for forward compatibility—the ability to flexibly support future
services that are unknown today.
Enhanced mobile broadband
In addition to making our smartphones better, 5G mobile
technology can usher in new immersive experiences such as VR and AR with
faster, more uniform data rates, lower latency, and lower cost-per-bit.
Mission-critical communications
5G can enable new services that can transform industries with
ultra-reliable, available, low-latency links like remote control of critical infrastructure,
vehicles, and medical procedures.
Massive IoT
5G is meant to seamlessly connect a massive number of
embedded sensors in virtually everything through the ability to scale down in
data rates, power, and mobility—providing extremely lean and low-cost
connectivity solutions.
Q: How do consumers use 5G?
A: The average consumer is expected to go from being able to
consume 2.3 GB of data per month today to close to 11 GB of data per month on
their smartphone in 2022.2 This is driven by explosive growth in video traffic
as mobile is increasingly becoming the source of media and entertainment, as
well as the massive growth in always-connected cloud computing and experiences.
4G completely changed how we consume information. In the past
decade we have witnessed leaps and bounds in the mobile app industry around
services such as video streaming, ride sharing, food delivery and more.
5G will expand the mobile ecosystem to new industries. This
will contribute to cutting-edge user experiences such as boundless extreme
reality (XR), seamless IoT capabilities, new enterprise applications, local
interactive content and instant cloud access, to name a few.
Q: How do businesses use 5G?
A: With high data speeds and superior network reliability, 5G
will have a tremendous impact on businesses. The benefits of 5G will enhance
the efficiency of businesses while also giving users faster access to more
information.
Depending on the industry, some businesses can make full use
of 5G capabilities, especially those needing the high speed, low latency, and
network capacity that 5G is designed to provide. For example, smart factories
could use 5G to run industrial Ethe
Q: How do cities use 5G?
A: Smart cities could use 5G in a variety of ways to transform
the lives of people living in them—primarily providing greater efficiencies
like more connectivity between people and things, higher data speeds, and lower
latency than ever before in areas like automotive safety, infrastructure, VR,
and entertainment.rnet to help them increase operational productivity and
precision.
Q: How fast is 5G?
A: 5G is designed to deliver peak data rates up to 20 Gbps
based on IMT-2020 requirements. Qualcomm Technologies’ flagship 5G solutions,
the Qualcomm®
Snapdragon™ X55 and Snapdragon
X60 Modem-RF Systems, are designed to achieve up to
7.5 Gbps in downlink peak data rates.
But 5G is about more than just how fast it is. In addition to
higher peak data rates, 5G is designed to provide much more network capacity by
expanding into new spectrum, such as mmWave.
5G can also deliver much lower latency for a more immediate response
and can provide an overall more uniform user experience so that the data rates
stay consistently high—even when users are moving around. And the new 5G NR
mobile network is backed up by a Gigabit LTE coverage foundation, which can
provide ubiquitous Gigabit-class connectivity.
Q: How does 5G work?
A: Like 4G LTE, 5G is also OFDM-based
(Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing) and will operate based on the same
mobile networking principles. However, the new 5G NR (New Radio) air interface will further enhance OFDM
to deliver a much higher degree of flexibility and scalability.
5G will not only deliver faster, better mobile broadband
services compared to 4G LTE, but it will also expand into new service areas,
such as mission-critical communications and connecting the massive IoT. This is
enabled by many new 5G NR air interface design techniques, such as a new
self-contained TDD subframe design.
Q: Does 5G change my home internet service?
A: 5G can change home internet service by providing a
wireless modem alternative to existing wires. Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
can now serve customers using 5G infrastructure – making the coverage,
performance and deployment flexibility of 5G a compelling backhaul alternative
to fiber, DSL or cabled solutions.
Is 5G available now?
A: Yes, 5G is already here today, and global operators
started launching new 5G networks in early 2019. In 2020, many countries expect
nationwide 5G mobile networks. Also, all major Android phone manufacturers are
commercializing 5G phones. And soon, even more people may be able to access 5G.
5G has been deployed in 35+ countries and counting. We are
seeing much faster rollout and adoption compared with 4G. Consumers are very
excited about the high speeds and low latencies. But 5G goes beyond these
benefits by also providing the capability for mission-critical services,
enhanced mobile broadband and massive IoT. While it is hard to predict when
everyone will have access to 5G, we are seeing great momentum of 5G launches in
its first year and we expect more countries to launch their 5G networks in 2020
and beyond.
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